If further research confirms this association with cognitive control, training of this ability should be included in the therapy of at least some children with SLI. Conclusions: These results suggest that both word retrieval and cognitive control are impaired in SLI and weaker cognitive control may contribute to word retrieval problems, although weaker short-term memory also has a crucial contribution to word retrieval difficulties during these tasks. Memory span is a common measure of working memory and short-term memory. Testing the relative contribution of the 3 cognitive control tasks together with verbal short-term memory span and vocabulary size showed that performance on both word retrieval tasks was best explained by nonword repetition and backward digit span measures. The task is known as digit span when numbers are used. There are a total of six trials that are two digits in length (i.e., a sample item with two trials and two test items with two trials each). It assesses childrens ability to hold information in short-term memory and. Digit Span Scoring Each item is coded as follows: For each test item (forward and backward), the child gets 1 point for each number sequence recalled correctly. Performance on the letter fluency task was associated with backward digit span, whereas size-color-shape RAN performance was associated with backward digit span and n-back scores. Digit Span Backward contains multiple trials with two digits, all of which should be administered as directed. The Digit Span Task (Backwards-Only Child Version) measures working memory. Results: We found weaker performance in the SLI group than in the typically developing group in all the fluency conditions and in the size-color-shape RAN as well as on the backward digit span and n-back tasks. Word retrieval was assessed with a fluency task and a rapid automatized naming (RAN) task, whereas cognitive control was measured with a backward digit span, an n-back task, and a Stroop task. Method: Thirty-one children with SLI (age: M = 8 11 years months, SD = 1 1) and 31 age- and IQ-matched typically developing children completed 2 word retrieval tasks and 3 cognitive control tasks. Purpose: The study aims to test whether children with specific language impairment (SLI) show weaknesses in word retrieval and cognitive control and to find out whether impairments in the 2 domains are associated.
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